Chang Chock – My Paternal Ancestry

My father is Gordon Yen Hoi Chang MD.  He married Jean Hanoi Wung.

His father was Ah Gett Chang.  His mother was Pang Chock

I thought that I would blog about my explorations in finding information on my ancestry.

 

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Goon Tong Village 官塘村 History 2

More History of Goon Tong Village

Local Wife elderly cancer village history essays 300,000 words

Time: 2014-03-07

 

Text / Wu Xiaoyun map / Zhu Xi 　　卓炳71-year-old is a native of Kwun Tong village right after he retired greatest wish is to write an official village history, but suffering from cancer in the preparation process, the strong old man did not give up in the hands of working, while treatment while compiling, later in 2012 the first edition of \”official Village History\” was published, he has to prepare a second edition. He said: \”It was seriously ill, there are many fallacies in the second edition will be more complete.\” 　　Nine Lives 　　history of the village could not leave unscripted sadness wash 　　treatment with perseverance side edge wrote 　　right before卓炳childhood living in Kwun Tong, retirement the Kwun Tong Primary School is the size of the eyes look red Huashan scenic, ears and listen to a variety of legendary old saying. After retiring in 2007, he wanted to write a history book about the village\’s official. He inspection books, take the street channeling Lane, climbing wading, collect a lot of first-hand information, just as he started to write history of the village, check found suffering from \”colorectal cancer.\” 　　\”Cancer\” for the fight against the elderly is huge, just a few days went from 113 pounds to 95 pounds of lean, dangerous situation in chemotherapy Shiyou, Nine Lives was alive. \”It was hundreds of times vomiting, eyes dim, how perseverance pulling yourself\” official Village Industry \”this book is it?\” Zhuobing right now think it is also incredible. The old man smiled and said:. \”Estimated that the history of the village did not want to go unscripted\” 　　perseverance perseverance 　　footer scribe dragging sick day Thousand 　　calloused fingers grind this still in 　　the rectal surgery卓炳done right in 2008, 2010 cancer spread to the lungs they did a surgery, and then a series of \”painful chemotherapy.\” It was the \”official Village Industry\” finalization period,卓炳right to race against time to speed up the work, dragging the ill footer, transcribe a thousand words a day. He said: \”ballpoint have spent 30, grinding out the middle cocoon has not casual.\” 　　\”Official Village Industry\” from the original 300,000 word is concentrated to 200,000 words, detailed interpretation of the official village origins, heritage, resources, people etc., after the finalization of his history of the village and immediately involved in proofreading and corrections, then it is chemotherapy period, due to lack of energy, the history of this village regret: there 30 typos. So, each time giving the history of the village sent when Zhuobing rights are sorry to affix a \”correct table.\” 　　Live this life 　　of part-time service villagers repair the village monuments 　　sick advocating for village matters 　　now,卓炳rights body has not fully recovered, but he was more optimistic after a serious illness, \”Life is too short, just do a little something meaningful only live this life. \” Zhuobing right now proceed to the \”official Village Industry\” published the second edition of the issues, but also \”run\” Jinding elderly associations, Kwun Tong elderly associations, primary and secondary schools Jinding retired faculty association. 　　\”I\’m dead serious illness, life is more precious. Energy services for the old people, I am willing.\” Zhuobing right Kwun Tong always loved his hometown, he also led the establishment of the official village heritage maintenance team, mobilize villagers and community donations, maintenance of the Temple and the Virgins Temple two six monuments, but also repair the village\’s \”addicted to old She Gongci\” and \”Zhen-Shan Zhuo Gongci.\” To repair \”church temple\” running around, for the village the size of things, \”advocating.\”

乡土情深 患癌老人撰30万字村史

http://www.zhxc.gov.cn/whys/whsy/lsrwzy/201403/t20140307_5581058.html

时间：2014-03-07

 

文/吴晓云 图/朱 习

　　71岁的卓炳权是土生土长的官塘村人，他退休后最大的心愿就是编写一部官塘村史，但在编写的过程中身患癌症，这位坚强的老人并没有放弃手中的工作，一边治疗一边编撰，2012年第一版《官塘村史话》出版以后，他又要编写第二版。他说：“当时重病在身，有很多谬误，第二版就会更加完整了。”

　　九死一生

　　村史没能脱稿 不舍撒手离开

　　凭毅力边治疗边撰写

　　卓炳权从小生活在官塘，退休前是官塘小学校长，眼里看的是大小赤花山的风景名胜，耳中听的是老人讲的各种传奇。2007年退休后，他就想写一本关于官塘村的史书。他查阅古籍、走街窜巷、爬山涉水，搜集了大量第一手资料，正当他着手编写村史时，检查发现患上“直肠癌”。

　　“癌症”对于老人的打击是巨大的，短短几天就从113斤瘦到95斤，在化疗时又出现险情，九死一生才活过来。“当时呕吐上百次，眼神昏花，是怎样的毅力牵引自己完成《官塘村史话》这本书的呢？”卓炳权现在想起来也匪夷所思。老人笑着说：“估计是村史没有脱稿舍不得走。”

　　坚毅执着

　　拖着病重之躯 每天抄写千字

　　手指磨出老茧今犹在

　　卓炳权2008年做了直肠切除手术，2010年癌细胞扩散至肺部又做了一次手术，然后是一系列“痛苦的化疗”。当时正是《官塘村史话》的定稿期，卓炳权争分夺秒加紧赶工，拖着病重之躯，每天抄写一千字。他说：“圆珠笔都用掉30支，中指上磨出来的茧至今未散。”

　　《官塘村史话》从原本30万字浓缩至20万字，详细解读了官塘村的来历、文物、资源、人物等，村史定稿之后他又马不停蹄地参与校对和更正，那时正是化疗时期，由于精力不济，这本村史留下遗憾：有30个错别字。所以，每次送村史给人时，卓炳权都会抱歉地贴上一张《更正表》。

　　不负此生

　　兼职服务村民 维修村中古迹

　　带病为村中事宜鼓与呼

　　现在，卓炳权的身体并未完全复原，大病之后他反而更加乐观，“生命太短，只有做一点有意义的事情才不负此生”。卓炳权现在正着手进行《官塘村史话》第二版的出版事宜，同时还“兼营”金鼎老人协会、官塘老人协会、金鼎中小学离退休教职工协会。

　　“我大病不死，日子更加珍贵。能为老人们服务，我心甘情愿。”卓炳权一直热爱自己的故乡官塘，他还牵头成立了官塘村文物维修小组，发动村民和社会各界人士捐款，维修了六祖庙和贞女祠两处古迹，还修葺了村里的“嗜老佘公祠”和“震山卓公祠”。为维修“圣堂庙”到处奔走，为村里大小事“鼓与呼”。

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Thousands pay their respects

Briefing
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NEARLY 800,000 border crossings were made at Gongbei Checkpoint during the three-day Qing Ming Tomb-Sweeping holiday — 40,000 more than the same period last year.
Dozens of indigenous villagers, including descendants from overseas, offered sacrifices to their ancestors last Tuesday at Nazhou Village, prestigious art master Gu Yuan’s hometown, and Guantang Village in Tangjiawan Town.

Nazhou Village
In uniform costumes stating “Gu Yuan’s Home Village” on the back of each, the villagers carried 10 suckling pigs and other sacrifices having laid on a table in the Gu Ancestral Hall to pay homage to their ancestors at the graveyards, which had been cleared up days before. Some of the ancestral graves are 500 years old. Although the graves are dispersed in different hilltops, the sacrifices were carried to each grave for worship rites.
Some worshippers came from Costa Rica or Australia and other countries and regions. Gu Genhe, chairman of the Costa Rica Chinese-Overseas Federation, was one of them and a major propellant of the ancestral worship.
Gu Ancestral Hall has a history of 170 years. Ancestral worship resumed when the hall plaque was restored in June 2008 after having been suspended for nearly 60 years, according to Gu.
Tomb-Sweeping Day when villagers gather from all over is one of the best ways to inherit the tradition and to pass it down from generation to generation, Gu noted. “Although the details of the ancestral offering process cannot count, we have the responsibility of preserving the tradition and carrying it on,” he said.
Back at the ancestral hall, the villagers burned joss sticks for blessings and knelt down and bowed before the ancestral tablets led by the venerable aged. The offering ended with each household sharing the suckling pig meats.
The ancestral hall, graves and pedigree of the Gu clan have been restored. An ancestral hall renovation commission has also been established to urge villagers to make donations for renovation of the hall.

Guantang Village
Guantang Village, 700 years old with the largest population and the vastest area in Tangjiawan, saw the same ancestral worship process at the Zhuo Ancestral Hall.
In addition, The History of Guantang Village, a book revised for more than 10 years, had been published for the day.
It took townsman Zhuo Bingquan and local townspeople 15 years to compile the book. Every villager should know its history and source and thus should be proud of it and carry it on, which is the biggest respect to the ancestors, he noted.
The book casts light on the origin, evolution, folk customs, folktales and related information about the village. It is reportedly the second village history following The History of Tangjia Village revised in the 1980s.

– Zhuhai Daily

ChenDian history of the village, and a deep nostalgia, like \”official Village Industry\”

When the hand picked \”official Village Industry\” this book, ocean many hundreds of thousands of words and with as many as over 200 pages of color pictures history of the village, from the village of 700 years since the opening talk, serious research to gather in the village cultural traditions and customs, involving names, surnames, heritage, education, customs, resources, disasters, Chinese, war, anecdotes, anecdotes, from small to large, and from the pan into the deep, though Write a spare time meditation fine chemicals, But already addictive, praise the hardships pay off. As Zhuhai Hi-tech District Party Secretary Mr. Luo Xijiang the \”order\”: Let\’s history as a mirror to sages is the norm, Passing the torch, to build a happy home! Zhuhai expect more local rural history available, Zhuhai, people expect to get more recognition!Zhuhai is my home, caring for you and me. Right to the editor卓炳teachers and members of the Editorial Board, Kwun Tong neighborhood, and the sessions are supported by the book release heartfelt tribute! ! !Special thanks to: often heard gift book.

沉甸的村史，深厚的乡情，赞《官塘村史话》

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http://bbs.zhnews.net/bbs/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=375355​

  
\"跳转到指定楼层\"
主楼
 
\"\" 发表于 2012-3-14 22:31 | 只看该作者 |只看大图 \"回帖奖励\"
当手中拿起《官塘村史话》这本书，洋洋数十万字并配以众多彩图多达200多页的村史，从开村700年起说起，认真考证搜集村内的文化传统与风俗习惯等，涉及地名、姓氏、文物、教育、风俗、资源、灾害、侨胞、战事、轶事、趣闻，由小到大，又从泛入深，虽暂未有空余时间静心细品，但已让人爱不释手，赞叹有心人的艰辛付出。

正如珠海市高新区区党委副书记罗锡强先生所“序”：让我们以历史为镜，以先贤为范，薪火相传，共建幸福家乡！

期待珠海更多的本土乡村史的面世，期待得到更多珠海人的认同！

珠海是我家，关爱你我他。



向主编卓炳权老师及编委会各成员、官塘居委会以及支持本书发行的各届人士表示衷心的敬意！！！

特别感谢：常听说赠此书。

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Goon Tong Village 官塘村 History

Here are some history on Goon Tong or Kwun Tong Village  (Official Pond Village)

官塘村

This is the Chock and Sai home village

Significant history:

1.  Dr. Sun Yat Sen’s first wife came from this town.

Ancient Villages in Southern China Series thirty-two: official village

http://www.dayoo.com/http://www.dayoo.com/ 2010-07-17 20:44 Source: Ocean Forum User reviews (? 0 )

[Figure / text Wu Putian]

　　Kwun Tong is located in Zhuhai Tangjiawan town, because of its mountains (seven slopes) and the sea (Bay), there are seven stars on the potential, hence the saying \”Seven ground.\” After 1300 years ago, Tsai fishing village in this opening; a hundred years later, another Zhuoshi from Putian, Fujian moved to, because Cho\’s second-generation ancestor as \”strict concept of public\”, whichever is homophonic, then named the \”Seven places \”as the Kwun Tong.

　　Today, more than 2,400 villagers to Kwun Tong Zhuo, She surname based, but as a former small fishing village, \”Dan Man\” (also called \”water wood\”) is always like driftwood-like drift to, and if the tide receded So, Kwun Tong surname is particularly complex, the village\’s \”Family Names\” on the stone, engraved in Kwun Tong live and work there are over 96 surnames.

　　Ming and Qing dynasties population surge, due to population pressure, the Central Plains immigrants have migrated to the south, also fishing peasant villagers began Kwun Tong. Conversion mode of production has also brought cultural changes, more people began to settle and multiply in Kwun Tong, ancestral temples gradually beefing, clan culture had become the climate, such as \”Cho\’s big genealogy\” is not only intact, but Continuation continued. On the concept of village office corridor, Kwun Tong, retired elementary school teacher 卓炳 right shows the three months he transcribed \”Cho\’s big genealogy \’scroll, a total of more than 60 meters, amazing.

　　Because adjacent to Macau, Kwun Tong have trend of the first early in the Qing Dynasty, many children of farmers on the new school, dispatches abroad, determined to industrial nation. Today\’s official village has many built in the Early Republic of reinforced concrete structures bungalows, villas, built in the 1915\’s rural councils, as well as residential wood blinds, several kilometers of Stone Street, is this class was learning there The epigenetic benefit Xiang Zi into a masterpiece. However, if asked how many Kwun Tong had a history of celebrity, the villagers would most likely include Sun Yat-sen\’s first wife Lu Mu Chen, who will be mentioned a little insight famous modern bridge engineers, designers Zhuoguan Pei Guangzhou Haizhu Bridge.

　　In the eighties, Kwun Tong, as was the party secretary of the village of hanging points, got a lot of benefits and support, such as the levy system when the land is zoned for \”production and living space\” in the village next to the village on discretionary much, Kwun Tong thereby adding to the potential for further development, has become the first town Tangjiawan billion village. Due to the direct benefit from the leadership\’s concern, Kwun Tong cadres try to avoid total discredit the leadership of the face of things, including consciously get rid of \”feudal superstition\”, large and small shrine closed doors over the years, a few years ago spontaneously beefing village Patriarch (Hui Neng) Temple, cadres also secretly blocked. Zhuobing right to say, trying to \”Zhuo\’s big Genealogy\” scroll fired tiles affixed to the wall, so that future generations the memory of their ancestors, brothers outside money is donated, but the village is not promised to show places.

　　Kwun Tong Virgins Temple doorway couplet reads: \”One path pines seasons Huayu, half booths coldest five nights of frost,\” was beautiful, but why always with the bitter cold to kindness, warmth end not with earthly counterparts?

 

华南古村落系列之三十二：官塘村

http://news.dayoo.com/history/201007/17/88670_13320070.htm

http://www.dayoo.com/ 2010-07-17 20:44来源： 大洋论坛 网友评论?(0)

[图 / 文 吴莆田]


　　官塘位于珠海唐家湾镇，因其依山（七座山坡）傍海（湾），有七星伴月之势，故曰“七星地”。1300年前后，有蔡姓渔家在此开村；百余年后，又有卓氏从福建莆田迁来，因卓氏二世祖为“观严公”，取其谐音，遂命名此“七星地”为官塘。

　　今天官塘2400多村民中以卓、佘姓为主，但作为曾经的小渔村，“疍民”（也被称为“流水柴”）总是如浮木般漂来，又如潮汐般退去，所以，官塘的姓氏尤为复杂，村内的“百家姓”石碑上，就刻有在官塘生息劳作过的96个姓氏。

　　明清两朝人口大增，因人口压力，中原移民纷纷南迁，官塘村民开始亦渔亦农。生产方式的转换也带来文化的变迁，更多的人开始在官塘定居繁衍，庙宇祠堂陆续兴修，宗族文化渐成气候，如《卓氏大族谱》不仅保持完整，而且续修不断。在观塘村办公楼的走廊上，观塘小学退休教师卓炳权展示了他用3个月时间誊写的《卓氏大族谱》长卷，共60余米，令人惊叹不已。

　　因毗邻澳门，官塘早在清末民初就得风气之先，许多农家子弟上了新式学堂，放洋海外，立志实业报国。今天的官塘村有许多建于民国初年的钢筋水泥结构的洋房、别墅，有建于1915年的乡议会，还有民居的木百叶窗、数千米的石街，就是这班当年学有所成的后生造福乡梓的杰作。不过，若问官塘曾出过多少历史名人，村民大多会举出孙中山的原配夫人庐慕贞，稍有见识者会提到近代著名桥梁工程师、广州海珠桥的设计者卓观培。

　　在上世纪八十年代，官塘作为当时市委书记的挂点村，得了不少优惠与扶持，如在土地统征时，划给村里自由支配的“生产生活用地”就比邻村多，官塘由此平添发展后劲，成了唐家湾镇的第一个亿元村。因直接受惠于领导的关心，官塘的干部总尽力避免发生抹黑领导脸面的事，其中就包括自觉破除“封建迷信”，大大小小祠堂的大门经年关闭，几年前有村人自发兴修六祖（惠能）庙，干部也是暗中阻止。卓炳权说，想把《卓氏大族谱》长卷烧成瓷片贴上墙，让子孙后代缅怀先人，钱也是外面的兄弟捐的，但村里就是不答应给展示场所。

　　官塘贞女祠门口对联曰：“一径松风四时花雨，半亭冷月五夜寒霜”，美则美矣，但为何美意总随凄寒去，终不与俗世的温情同行？

The Guangdong Zhuhai Kwun Tong Zhuo surname from Abas Lane

Time :2012-10-7 20:18:21 of: Zhuo juvenile male sources: the Guangfu people Abas Lane descendants of Overseas Friendship Association Views: 25 Comments: 0
    The Zhuo surname is a descendant of the late Warring States Chu family. Birthplace and early migratory limited to the Central Plains. Han Dynasty, especially after the Northern and Southern, Central Plains Zhuo family because of the war, career, constantly migration southward. In recent years around the finishing genealogy ancestors ancient migrations, largely to find the root cause. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, etc. Most Zhuo surname, descendants of the early years of migration Fujian Zhuo surname. Zhuhai Kwun Tong Zhuo surname is different from the the Zhuo surname Fujian lineage, the Kwun Tong Zhuo surname ancestors migration, with different historical backgrounds and ages, the route Henan Kaifeng – Zhejiang Zhuji – Nanxiong Abas Lane, – the Pearl River Delta (Guangzhou , Zhuhai), the Guangfu 族姓 southward with the Pearl River Delta, the majority of the Central Plains experienced the same.
    Originally, emphasis on ancient lineage genealogy, particularly as mayor. The Zhuhai officials Tong Village Zhuo surname is the Xihe prominent families, thousands of official Tong Estate Settlement population has emigrated overseas began in the seventeenth century, diaspora estimated Yu Wan. But the Kwun Tong Zhuo surname, since the Warring States after previous descent to the end of the Song describes, has no genetic. The existing Ming and Qing ancient genealogical records, this is because of the Southern Song Dynasty, avoid Bingxian books lost due to migration. Thus, cut the the Kwun Tong Zhuo surname from the Qin Dynasty to the descent of the Southern Song Dynasty records and movement history.
    Although the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Kwun Tong Zhuo family elite \”ear in predecessors\” – with the oral tradition of the elderly, rehabilitation genealogy. But to those \”Shiyuan years submerged, not without missing slightly …\”, \”… I do not know a few World moved those who do not know a few people, the the name taboo World number Ke Deer details ……\” (Note 1). Rebuilt genealogy can only be recorded after the end of the Song in the early Ming southward migration now Zhongshan Yongmo generations. \”Bong (by: Kwun Tong, a generation ancestor father Zhuo Feng), Kaobi and on the generation ancestor Kaobi and the father of Kaobi of the branch, documented numerous check disorderly\”, had \”Que can also\” (Note). Even these genealogies, and later rebuilt several times lost Yi. \”Hing public across the river, carrying a spectrum century Zhao contained. Between Hong Cheng (: Ming Dynasty Chenghua, Hongzhi years ,1465-1505) in habitat Wu public lost Bingxian\” (Note a). And \”Xi was the orthodox yellow Kou Rebellion (by: 1448 Guangdong Huang Xiao Yang uprising), as I gray farmhouse flame, spectral Zhi Suiwang\” (Note 1).
    Therefore, the Modern Kwun Tong Zhuo surname tribe only ancestors of mouth \”by Abas Lane, moved to the vague concept of the source of the Patriarchs, the ancestors of the migration process, route and age, are not well understood.
    Recently, I have the opportunity to see volumes Zhuo surname Gupu, which included many Zhuo surname ancestors spectral sequence (early as to MingZhengDe, Kwun Tong VII Feasibility of bamboo at Baba 1509 written spectrum sequence). Peruse, I think: beginning descended from Zuzhuo Bong not Putian, Fujian Zhuo surname Zhuhai Kwun Tong Zhuo surname, the Kwun Tong Zhuo surname is not from Putian, Fujian moved, but was removed from the Jiangsu and Zhejiang to Abas Lane, emigrated by Abas Lane, Zhuhai.
The existing Gupu Although not recorded in Kwun Tong, beginning Zuzhuo Bong before descent Directory, but spectral sequences, the of Kwun Tong Zhuo family history on account of migratory routes and migratory reason, it is very clear. So we go in search of the the Kwun Tong Zhuo surname sources today, the only reliable and very clear basis. Migratory era of the long time spans, in several resided ground presence multiply how many generations, and lineage List did not elaborate it. As long as our national development, migration in the history of social change, the change of dynasties and spectral sequence describes the control confirms, not hard Kwun Tong Zhuo family ancestors migration process, so they know the Kwun Tong Zhuo family sources. Below on this detail.
   ***
    Recently had the opportunity to see the scattered Gupu, including the transcript of the original copy of the recent transcript of 5 and 7. Indexed spectral sequence and description of a total of 10. 5 spectral sequence early migratory Kwun Tong Zhuo family briefly describes roughly the same content. Now choose a backing as explore.
    Kwun Tong Zhuo\’s VII Feasibility of bamboo began repair progenitor Hing room spectrum Baba (1509) (the transcript of a copy of the Note a) a \”another order\”, which for some to clear account of: family background phase first Song Ju Henan Kaifeng Qi County, avoid gold difficult living in Zhuji County. Zhu avoid soldiers has also moved the Nanxiong sand into the water Abas Lane, the site of the housing market so far still the end of Song Yuan soldiers soldiers and civilians captured Kat Ganzhou, progenitor and involving wide everywhere so the tomb of today that the Department also home … since the early Hongwu this … concept family background since Song moved Guangdong, then in Qi in Zhuji, in Abas Lane, Home , I do not know a few world moved to those who do not know a few people … \”. It can be seen, the Kwun Tong Zhuo surname and Abas Lane southward migration Guangfu surname family experience identical; originated from Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan around Zhuo surname. This article on Gupu a paragraph-by-paragraph control history to explore.
(1) \”First Song ranks Henan Kaifeng Qi County
I have in \”of Zhuo surname origins doubt test, according to the late Warring States to Qin unified a turbulent history, combined with the history contained Zhuo family name initial activities infer Zhuo family early migration resides Henan, rather than simply divided into Anhui, Sichuan two. (See section IV of this paper, three paragraphs) it now appears, of this inference Gupu sequence in Kwun Tong Zhuo place of surname ancestors in Kaifeng of this record is consistent and will not go into.
(2) \”to avoid gold difficult living in Zhuji County
To the late Northern Song Dynasty, Song Dynasty steadily under the pressure of the northern invasion failed. Jingkang the first year (1126), Jin Jun breaking the seal, the following year the prisoners emblem, the Two Emperors. Song Shi southward migration, the establishment of the Southern Song Dynasty. This period triggered once the Central Plains to the south of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and even across the Nanling immigrants. Many surnames genealogy records today and the Pearl River Delta, the ancestors gradually the Chengxiang Nan migration of immigrants (Note 2) of this period. Gupu records Kwun Tong Zhuo\’s ancestors difficult to avoid gold moved Zhuji (Zhejiang), is clearly consistent with this history, it is reasonable. Relocated Zhuji Northern Song Dynasty the last Jingkang (1126), clearly.
(3) \”Avoid million soldiers to move the Nanxiong sand into the water, Abas Lane, the site of the housing market so far still exist.\”
The the Yuan Dynasty predecessor of Mongolia in The Southern Song Duanping in the first year (1234) off the Golden State, the intensification of military operations of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan army NaZheng war frequently. 1271 founding of the yuan. Gupu recorded in Kwun Tong Zhuo Ancestor refuge million soldiers southward migration Abas Lane, when this period of time. The relocated Abas Lane is not the passing, Gupu, essays sequence, Zhuo surname presence the Abas Lane \”so far still the site of the housing market. Visible previous stays the Abas Lane. In this case, the same surname as the Pearl River Delta, many family Abas Lane, Yu Ling\’s natural barrier the Nanxiong along the vast fertile ground, you can sacrifice the long corner. Again and southward migration due to war or other events generally have three to seven generations of residence interest-earning (Note 2). Kwun Tong Zhuo\’s in Abas Lane, residence time, discussed in paragraph (6) points.
(4) \”Late Song Yuan soldiers soldiers and civilians captured Kat Ganzhou, my father, involving wide everywhere so the tomb that the Department also.\”
 History planted 1273-1278 years between two armies Song and Yuan Yu Lingnan North tug of war for seven years. Abas Lane by the scourge of war can imagine. In the meantime, in 1275, the Yuan army grams Jiangxi Zhu Jun, the same year to overcome Nanxiong. The This is Gupu documented historical facts million soldiers captured Kat Gan \”. Kwun Tong Zhuo\’s move out of the Abas Lane to reason and age of the Guang-cheng (by: Canton City refers to this in Guangzhou, other similar surname genealogy records, see Note 2). After, Kwun Tong Zhuo\’s residence in Guangzhou there for some time (PRD other surname family resembles the case), so the tomb that its at one illustrates this everywhere ancestors repair spectrum year, Guangzhou Zhuo\’s so tomb. Kwun Tong Zhuo\’s residence in Guangzhou, how long can not be traced, but since the left so the tomb, I believe that the time is not short, and then migrated to the south Yongmo.
(5) \”Yongmo living quite dramatically prosperous.\” (Note 3)
Visible in Zhongshan Yongmo the time at least one or two generations of reproduction.
(6) \”… since Hongwu early home today ……\”
    Gupu this sentence refers sub Yongmo Zhuo Feng — Kwun Tong I Zuzhuo a wide moved Kwun Tong settle things.
    Directly above excerpt Abas Lane Gupu (1) to (6) above, with the historical control, you can clearly see, the Kwun Tong Zhuo family, Kaifeng (1126) – Zhuji moved in (before and after 1126) – ( close to 1271 period to move) – Guangzhou (about 1275 moved to) – Zhongshan Yongmo, during the lifetime of residence before Zhuo Feng (1386) – Zhuhai Kwun Tong (after 1386, that the early years of Hongwu move into) \” migratory process, Gupu, gave us a clear and complete account of. The experience of 200 years of migration process, you can use the historical corroboration of the nation, the state, and the Pearl River Delta immigration,, Gupu account of no doubt.
    In recent years, expert Abas Lane immigrants research has been quite in-depth, Zhuo surname is not seen in the literature. Abas Lane 157 immigrants surname Cho no surname. I would like to put forward the following two focus further research, for professional or interested parties.
1. Zhuhai Kwun Tong Zhuo surname ancestors had residency the Abas Lane, but did not leave a record.
   Have argued above, Kwun Tong Zhuo\’s left Zhuji southward migration of Abas Lane about in the early Yuan Dynasty about 1271, and that in 1275 and move out of the Southern Song Dynasty Abas Lane seen in Abas Lane residence, not a long time. Although Gupu writing the preface to the 1509 Zhuo surname PRD Guangfu immigrants Abas Lane is still \”the housing field sites, but previously lived several generations of different in Abas Lane a. Year Abas Lane household management, and even migration \”text cited. But Zhuo surname residence time is short, the number of households small population, stimulated the war-torn years, the Abas Lane did not leave the residence and migration records also reasonable. I believe this is a long time, the research literature, records of of Abas Lane migration surname Zhuo no surname reasons.
   2. The Kwun Tong Zhuo surname first Zuzhuo Feng was born in Guangdong. Before birth, Bong\’s father, grandfather has already moved from Abas Lane Guangzhou – Zhongshan Yongmo.
Gupu documented the Kwun Tong ancestors was Zhuo Fengsheng in Gengshen year ($ Nobusuke seven) of Died Bingyin years (19 Hongwu years), ie 1320-1386 years. 1275 family above argument since the after Abas Lane southward migration of about 45 years before they were born. This is important, said Mingzhuo Bong born in Guangzhou (and then moved to Yongmo after), Zhuo Feng fathers, even grandfathers, has long vacate the Abas Lane to Guangzhou or Yongmo. If we look carefully read Gupu eight generation descendant of the preamble of the year, also revealed traces of it. The preface in Speaking after a Yongmo Dongshan Zhuo Feng tombs mentioned \”the mailer Kaobi last generation ancestor Kaobi … Fun investigation disorder\” (Bong\’s parents, grandparents, no traced) This \”Que can \”Can not describing it (Note 3).
    1,2 above two points, in addition to prove from the migration routes of the migratory routes of the Kwun Tong Zhuo surname ancestors in Putian, Fujian Zhuo surname, the Kwun Tong began Zuzhuo Bong, not from Putian, Fujian. Also, from the migration years proved that a the the Kwun Tong Zhuo surname a Fujian Zhuo surname, along the different routes of movement during the same period. Putian, Fujian Zhuo surname, check a pulse, as early as in a time Yongxing (306) KWANG Ren Jinan prefect to Fujian, to Don Sadamoto thirteen years (797 years) spread XIII Zhuo hidden any Putian order to become Putian Zhuo surname ancestor. Multiply in Putian, continuous clear lineage List. Fujian Putian Zhuo surname rolling in Fujian in a millennium (306-1320). (1126 years ago) and the Kwun Tong Zhuo surname the ancestors Jingkang years still in Kaifeng, Henan, the Kwun Tong the beginning Zuzhuo Bong parent, grandparents around 1280 in Guangzhou – Zhongshan Yongmo,,, (Note: the the the Fujian Putian Zhuo surname ancestors moved to into Fujian the Kwun Tong Zhuo surname ancestors still in Kaifeng, after 300 years, the the Kwun Tong Zhuo surname ancestors began to migrate from Kaifeng, no path to residency to Fujian, removed to reach Zhuhai!) Obviously, the Kwun Tong Zhuo Feng a not one of the Fujian Putian Zhuo surname. At least a thousand years ago is just \”one\”.
Wish this for all the readers to pray for the correction. (November 28, 2008)
Tel: 13660270992 Email: [email protected]
Note:
Note Feasibility of bamboo, Kwun Tong VII Baba in MingZhengDe, (1509) began repair
Tongzhi (1871) rebuilt three-generation ancestor Hing Kwun Tong Zhuo surname offshoot (Dongguan) spectrum, the early Republican transcripts of Xinwei. Adduction VII, Feasibility of bamboo preface.
   Note II, \”the Nanxiong Abas immigration history and culture\” (Jinan University Press)
Note, Kwun Tong Zhuo\’s seventeen generation descendant the Boshin years (1868) Continuation of the flood side room spectrum, which included eight generation descendant of the preface.
Note, Daoguang of Jiachen years (1844), Dongguan Zhuo\’s Run remaining hall spectrum of transcript spectral sequence.

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广东珠海官塘卓姓来自珠玑巷

http://www.chens.org.cn/xs/news/?7618.html

时间：2012-10-7 20:18:21  作者：卓稚雄  来源：广府人珠玑巷后裔海外联谊会  查看：175  评论：1
 
 
 
 
    卓姓是战国末期楚王族的后裔。发祥地和早期的迁徙局限于中原。汉代特别是南北朝以后，中原卓族因为战乱、仕途，不断迁徙南移。近年各地整理族谱，对先祖历代的迁徙，大体觅得根源。广东、广西、海南等多数卓姓，是早年迁徙福建的卓姓后裔。但珠海官塘卓姓，有别于卓姓的福建族系，官塘卓姓先祖的迁徙，具有不同的历史背景和年代，路线是河南开封—浙江诸暨—南雄珠玑巷—珠江三角洲（广州、珠海），与珠三角多数中原南移的广府族姓的经历相同。
    本来，古时重视世系族谱，望族尤甚。珠海官塘村卓姓是西河望族，在官塘村聚落人口曾达数千，移居海外始于十七世纪，侨民估计逾万。但官塘卓姓，自战国以后至宋末以前的世系记述，至今未见遗传。据现存明、清古族谱记载，这是因为南宋末年，避兵燹，在迁徙时典籍散失所致。由此，割断了官塘卓姓自秦代到南宋末年的世系记录和迁徙历史。
    虽然到明、清时期，官塘卓族中的贤能又“耳于先辈”—凭长者的口传，重修了族谱。但“世远年湮，往者不无缺略……”,“……不知几世，迁居者不知几人，名讳世数不可得而详……”（注一）。重修的族谱只能记录宋末明初南迁今中山雍陌以后的世代。“奉（按：官塘一世祖的父亲卓奉）之考妣及上世祖考妣与分支之祖考妣，记载纷查无序”，只好“阙之可也”（注三）。即使是这些重修的族谱，后来又多次失轶。“兴公过江时携有一谱，世纪昭载。成弘间（按：明代成化、弘治年间，1465-1505）栖梧公失于兵燹中也”（注一）。又“惜遭正统黄寇之乱（按：1448年广东黄萧养起事），庐舍焰为余灰，谱帙遂亡”（注一）。
    因此，近代官塘卓姓族人对先祖的来源仅有先辈口传“由珠玑巷迁来”的模糊概念，对先祖迁徙过程、路线和年代，都不甚了解。
    最近，笔者有机会看到几册卓姓古谱，其中收录不少卓姓先辈的谱序（早至明正德年间，官塘七世孙怀竹于己巳年即1509年撰写的谱序）。细读之后，笔者认为：珠海官塘卓姓始祖卓奉不是福建莆田卓姓的后裔，官塘卓姓不是从福建莆田迁来，而是辗转从江浙到珠玑巷，再由珠玑巷移居珠海。
现存古谱虽然没有记载官塘始祖卓奉以前的世系名录，但谱序中，对官塘卓族历史上迁徙路线和迁徙原因的记述，是十分清晰的。使我们今天去探求官塘卓姓来源，得到唯一可靠和十分明确的依据。只是这些迁徙的年代、跨越的漫长时间、在几处落籍地留驻繁衍多少代，以及世系名录等等，没有详述而已。只要我们将民族发展、社会变迁、朝代更迭的历史与谱序中的迁徙记述对照印证，就不难得出官塘卓族先人的迁徙过程，从而知道官塘卓族的来源。下文就此详述。
   *               *              *
    最近有机会看到的零散古谱，包括缮本的原本、复印本和近期抄本共5种7册。收录谱序及记述共10篇。其中有5篇谱序有官塘卓族早年迁徙的简略记述，内容大致相同。现择其中一节作为探讨的依托。
    官塘卓氏七世孙怀竹始修于己巳年(1509年)的祖兴房谱(缮本复印件，注一)中,有一篇“又序”，其中有一段至为清晰的记述:“家世相先宋居河南开封府杞县，避金难居诸暨县。亦已诸避元兵迁居南雄沙水里珠玑巷，屋场遗址至今犹存。宋末元兵攻陷吉赣州军民，我祖又涉广城，之今处处有故墓即其处也。……自洪武初居今……因念家世自宋以来三迁至广东，当时于杞、于诸暨、于珠玑巷、于居者，不知几世，迁居者不知几人……”。由此可以看到，官塘卓姓与珠玑巷南迁的广府姓族，经历雷同；而不同源于福建的广东、广西、海南各地卓姓。本文就古谱的上述一节，逐段对照历史进行探讨。
（1）“先宋居河南开封府杞县”
笔者曾在《卓姓源流若干疑问考》一文中，依据战国后期至秦统一的一段动荡历史,结合史载卓姓家族初期的活动,推断卓族早期迁徙时，部分驻留河南,而不是简单地分为安徽、四川两支。（见该文第四节第二、三段）现在看来，这一推断与古谱序中官塘卓姓先祖居地在开封的这一记载是吻合的，在此不再赘述。
（2）“避金难居诸暨县”
到了北宋后期，宋朝在北方入侵的压力下节节失败。靖康元年（1126年），金军破开封，次年俘徽、钦二帝。宋室南迁，建立南宋。这个时期，引发一次中原向南方的江、浙甚至越过南岭的大移民。今珠江三角洲许多姓氏的族谱记载，先祖多是此时期逐程向南迁徙的移民（注二）。古谱记载官塘卓氏先祖避金难迁到（浙江）诸暨，显然与这段历史吻合，是合理的。迁诸暨显然是北宋末靖康（1126年）的事。
（3）“避元兵迁南雄沙水里珠玑巷，屋场遗址至今犹存。”
元朝的前身蒙古国在南宋端平元年（1234年）灭金国后，对南宋的军事行动加剧，元军南征战事频频。1271年元建国。古谱记载官塘卓族先祖”避元兵”南迁珠玑巷，当在这一段时间。迁珠玑巷并非途经，古谱撰序的时候，卓姓留驻珠玑巷的“屋场遗址至今犹存”。可见是曾经居留珠玑巷。这种情况，如同珠江三角洲许多姓族一样，到珠玑巷之后，因为有大庾岭的天然屏障和南雄一带的广袤沃土，可以偏安一隅。到了再次因战事或其他事件而南迁之前，一般都有三至七代的居留生息（注二）。官塘卓氏在珠玑巷的居留时间，在下文第（6）点后讨论。
（4）“宋末元兵攻陷吉赣州军民，我祖又涉广城，今处处有故墓即其处也。”
 史栽1273-1278年间，宋元两军在庾岭南北拉锯战长达七年。珠玑巷受战乱之祸可以想见。其间，1275年，元军克江西诸郡，同年攻克南雄。这就是古谱记载“元兵攻陷吉赣”的史实。也就是官塘卓氏迁出珠玑巷到广城的原因和年代（按：广城指今广州，其他姓氏族谱有类似记载，见注二）。之后，官塘卓氏在广州又有一段时间的居留（珠三角其他姓族亦多如此），“今处处有故墓即其处也”一句足以说明先辈修谱当年，广州还有卓氏故墓。官塘卓氏在广州居留了多长时间已无可考，但既然留有故墓，相信时日也不短，然后再南迁雍陌。
（5）“雍陌居住亦颇繁盛。”（注三）
可见在中山雍陌的时日至少也有一两代的繁衍。
（6）“……自洪武初居今……”
    古谱中这一句就是指雍陌卓奉之子—官塘一世祖卓广一迁到官塘定居的事。
    以上直接摘录古谱的（1）至（6）段，与史实对照，可以清晰地看到，官塘卓族，“开封（1126年之前）—诸暨（1126年前后迁入）—珠玑巷（接近1271年的时期迁入）—广州（约1275年迁入）—中山雍陌（1386年之前卓奉在世期间居留）—珠海官塘（1386年后，即明洪武初年迁入）”这个迁徙过程，古谱给了我们一个清晰、完整的记述。这个经历了二百多年的迁徙过程，可以用民族、国家和珠三角移民的历史印证，因此，古谱的记述无可置疑。
    近年，专家对珠玑巷移民的研究已相当深入，但卓姓未见诸有关文献。珠玑巷移民的157个姓氏中亦未见卓姓。笔者谨就此提出如下两个焦点，供专业或有兴趣的人士进一步考证。
1．珠海官塘卓姓先祖曾居留珠玑巷，但没有留下记载。
   上文已经论证，官塘卓氏离开诸暨南迁珠玑巷大约在元初约1271年，而南宋末年即1275年又迁出珠玑巷，可见在珠玑巷居留的时间不长。虽然古谱撰写序文的1509年卓姓在珠玑巷仍有“屋场遗址”，但与许多珠三角的广府移民先前在珠玑巷一住数代不同。当年珠玑巷有户籍管理，甚至迁移也有“文引”。但卓姓居留时间短，户数人口少，又逢战火纷飞的年头，在珠玑巷没有留下户籍和迁徙记录亦在情理。相信这是长期以来，研究珠玑巷迁徙姓氏的文献、记录都没有卓姓的原因。
   2．官塘卓姓先祖卓奉在广东出生。出生前，奉的父亲、祖父早已从珠玑巷移居广州–中山雍陌。
古谱记载官塘先祖卓奉生于庚申年（元延祐七年），卒于丙寅年（明洪武十九年），即1320-1386年。也就是上文论证的1275年家族自珠玑巷南迁之后约45年才出生的。这一点很重要，说明卓奉是在广州（更可能是再迁雍陌后）出生的，卓奉的父辈、甚至祖父辈,早已迁出珠玑巷到了广州或雍陌。只要我们细心阅读古谱八世孙当年的序文，也透露了这一点的痕迹。序文在说到卓奉墓葬在雍陌东山一节之后，提及“奉之考妣与上世祖之考妣……纷查无序”（奉的父母、祖父母无可查考），这才“阙之可也”无法记述而已（注三）。
    上述1、2两点，除了从迁徙路线证明，官塘卓姓先祖的迁徙路线与福建莆田卓姓不相同，官塘始祖卓奉不是来自福建莆田。而且，还从迁徙年代证明，官塘卓姓一支与福建卓姓一支，在同一时段沿不同路线迁徙。查福建莆田卓姓一脉，早在晋惠帝永兴三年（306年）卓宏任晋安太守入福建，到唐贞元十三年（797年）传至十三世卓隐之任莆田令，成为莆田卓姓始祖。在莆田繁衍，世系名录连续清晰。福建莆田卓姓连绵一千年（306-1320年）都在福建。而官塘卓姓的先辈靖康年间（1126年前后）仍在河南开封，官塘始祖卓奉的父、祖辈1280年左右已在广州—中山雍陌，（注意：即福建莆田卓姓的先祖迁入福建时，官塘卓姓先祖仍在开封，300年后，官塘卓姓先祖才开始从开封迁徙，没有路经居留福建，辗转到达珠海！）。显然，官塘卓奉一支不是福建莆田卓姓的一支。只是“至少一千年前是一家”而已。
谨将本文供诸读者，以祈指正。 （ 2008年11月28日）
电话：13660270992           电邮：[email protected]
注释：
注一、   官塘七世孙怀竹于明正德己巳年（1509年）始修、
清同治辛未年（1871年）重修的官塘卓姓三世祖兴支脉（东莞）谱，民国初年缮本。内收七世孙怀竹序文。
   注二、《南雄珠玑移民的历史文化》（暨南大学出版社）
注三、官塘卓氏十七世孙戊辰年（1868年）续修洪边房谱，其中收录八世孙的序文。
注四、   道光甲辰年（1844年）东莞卓氏润馀堂谱缮本的谱序。

\"广东珠海官塘卓姓来自珠玑巷\"

 

\"广东珠海官塘卓姓来自珠玑巷\"

\"广东珠海官塘卓姓来自珠玑巷\"

\"广东珠海官塘卓姓来自珠玑巷\"
 

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Goon Tang – My Paternal Grandmother’s ancestral Village in China.

My paternal grandmother  was Chock Pang.  Her father was Chock Hinn and Mother was Chock Sai Shee.

卓  chock   zhou(Madarin)

佘     se   she(mandarin

Looking at her tombstone,   Goon Tong is her village:  官塘村  Goon Tong   guan tang village

Here is the link on google maps to the village

It is next to Tangjiawanzhen.

I found pictures for the ancestral hall for Sai and Chock:

震山卓公祠   Chock Ancestral Hall in GoonTong

震山卓公祠

 

震山卓公祠

 

 

The Sai or Se Ancestral Hall is also in Goon Tong.  apparently  Chock Hinn and Sai Shee came from the same home village Goon Tong.

Sai and Chock have a big history inthis town.

 

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Chang..Zheng..Cheng… Surname 鄭

Links on our surname Chang and history with references.

Chen, Zheng are other forms.

 

鄭

Surname Variations

 

http://legacy1.net/chinese-surnames-and-spelling-variations/

See line 7:

http://www.flying-w.net/knowledge/Chinese/surname.html

Origin

The Zheng surname originated in Henan. In 806 BC King Xuan, the penultimate king of the Western Zhou Dynasty, enfeoffed his younger brother Prince You at Zheng (present-dayHua County, Shaanxi), who became posthumously known as Duke Huan of Zheng. Duke Huan was killed along with King You of Zhou when the Quanrong tribes sacked the Zhou capital Haojing in 771 BC. Duke Huan was succeeded by his son Duke Wu, who helped King Ping of Zhou establish the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in Luoyang, and his feudal state of Zheng was also moved east to present-day Henan. His descendants and many people of the state later adopted Zheng as their surname.[6][7][8]

 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng_(surname)

 

Zheng He Links:

http://www.asiawind.com/forums/list.php?f=10

 

http://www.chinahistoryforum.com/index.php?/topic/31242-zheng-he-and-cos-descendants/

Zheng He 郑和 had adopted his nephew as his son. This adopted son was called Zheng Enlai 郑恩来 and he was actually the eldest son of Zhenghe’s elder brother, Ma Wenming 马文铭. Effectively, they had direct ancestry lineage originating from the same family. Zheng He also had two grandsons called Zheng Wanxuan 郑万选 and Zheng Tingxuan 郑廷选. The adopted son Zheng Enlai lived in Nanjing’s Sansan street 三山街 (today’s Mafu street), which was also called the the Manor of Ma
Note that Zheng He’s real family name was called “Ma 马“, which was transliterated from his Arabic muslim surname “Mahmood“. You should know that Zheng He’s was a hui-chinese (muslim) with central asian roots. His ancestry could be traced to muslim aristoracy in central Asia. His 6-lineage ancester Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar came to China from central Asia during Yuan dynasty, and he was descendant of the king Mohammed of Bukhara in central Asia (part of Khwarzem Shah Empire). Sayyid Adjjal Shams Al-Din Omar was conferred the title “Prince Xianyang 咸阳王” in Yunnan during Yuan dynasty. However, since they had sinicized for quite a long time, Zheng He also adopted Chinese surname “Zheng”.

Source:
http://zhidao.baidu….n/90185065.html

Zheng He’s descendants had today survived till the 21 generations (after Zhenghe). Some of the prominent descendents include Zheng Zhiqiang 郑自强 (19th generation descendants based in Nanjing today), Zheng Enliang 郑恩良 (based in Yunnan Jining 云南晋宁 who is already around 75 years old today), Zheng Qinying 郑琴英 (15th generation descendant based in Chiangmai, Thailand).

Zheng He’s descendant records were based on Zheng He’s family genealogy record 《郑和家谱》 found in Yunnan. It was recorded:

“马文铭长子立嗣(郑和本姓马。马文铭是他的哥哥，其子被郑和收为养子)，移居南京三山寺，名曰马府口。”

Translated as “Ma Wenming’s eldest son established lineage, moved to Nanjing”s Sansan shrine, called Manor of Ma”

According to Zheng Zhihai 郑自海, a researcher of Zhenghe Research Center in Jiangsu, the descendents of Zheng He are as follow:

1. The offspring of Yunnan was propagated by the eldest son of Zheng Enlai (Zheng He’s adopted son). However, during late Qing period, due to persecution from Qing court, one portion of the family escaped to Thailand. At that time, the 17th generation descendent Zheng Songlin 郑松林 migrated with his family to Chiangmai in northern Thailand. Over there, he married the daughter of mayor Chiangmai. As time passed by, the descendants of Zheng Songlin no longer speak any Chinese. Neither do they know their origin. It was estimated that this offspring descendants of Zhenghe in Thailand had around 100-200 people.

2. The offspring in Nanjing originated from the propagation by the 2nd son of Zheng Enlai (Zheng He’s adopted son). Since Zheng He had lived in Nanjing for a long time, he also adopted two nephews, one stayed in Yunnan, the other came to Nanjing. Their descendants could all be Zheng He’s descendants. According to Zheng Zhiqiang 郑自强 (descendant of Zhenghe), Nanjing had an estimated descendants of 242 people. In Jiangsu province, there were around 200 descendents of Zheng He.

3. The descendants of Zhenghe at Yunnan are distributed around Yuxi city 玉溪市. They numbered around hundreds.

These descendants of Zhenghe at Yunnan and Nanjing all had their own family genealogy records, as well as stone tablets with records of their ancestors. For instance, at the village of Longmen at Yuxi, there was a stone tablet called Jianlong Maqiao Muhua Ying 《建龙马桥募化引》, on it was inscribed the name “Zheng Pu 郑溥” (9th generation descendant of Zhenghe). Other stone tablets include Pimei Houxian《媲美后先》 in the Mosque of Dongyin in Yuxi city (玉溪市红塔区东营清真寺). It recorded descendants such as Zheng Juzheng 郑居正, Zheng Juguang 郑居广, Zheng Youfa 郑有法, Zheng Youcai 郑有才, 10th,11th generation descendants of Zheng He.

Today, the descendants of Zhenghe, Zheng Yunzhang 郑云章 and Zheng Yunliang 郑云良, still lived in Dongyin region of Yuxi city in Yunnan.

Sources:
http://news.sina.com…46049439s.shtml
http://news.163.com/…4996197864.html

 

I found this post on asiawind.com by Chung Yoon-Ngan.  I’d thought that I would repost it here.

 

A History of Chang

reprinted from Posted to Overseas Chinese Forum at asiawind.com

By CHUNG Yoon-Ngan (鄭永元)
All rights reserved

http://www.asiawind.com/forums/read.php?f=4&i=5280&t=5280

The 21st most common Chinese surname Zheng 鄭 (021)

Zheng means: serious; solemn
The surname Zheng is about 2,300 years old

The surname Zheng originated in an area referred to during the Han Dynasty
(漢朝 206BC to 220AD) as the Yingyang prefecture (滎陽郡). The present day
location of Yingyang prefecture is in an area about 17 kilometers southwest
of Yingze county (滎澤縣) of Henan province (河南省). The location of Yingze
county is at 113.4 degree East and 34.8 degree North on the world map.

In 1134BC, Ji Fa (姬發) became the leader of the Zhou People (周族) who
lived in the center of the Wei Valley (渭谷), west of the great bend of
the Yellow River. In 1122BC Ji Fa destroyed the Shang Dynasty (商朝 1783BC
to 1122BC) and established the Zhou Dynasty (周朝 1134BC to 256BC). Ji Fa
was installed the Zhou King Wu (周武王), the first king of the Zhou Dynasty.

In 827BC, Ji Jing (姬靜), a descendant of Ji Fa became the 11th King of
the Zhou Dynasty. He was crowned Zhou King Xuan (周宣王), Ji You (姬友)
was a younger brother of Zhou King Xuan. When Ji You was thirty three years
old, in 806BC, Zhou King Xuan gave him the authority to rule a district
called Zheng (鄭 located in the northwest of the present day county of Hua
華縣 of Shaanxi province 陜西省). Zhou King Xuan also bestowed upon him the
hereditary title of Bo (伯) or Marquis. Ji You renamed his domain the State
of Zheng (鄭國) and he became the first ruler of Zheng.

Zhou King Xuan died in 782BC and was succeeded by his son Ji Gongnie (姬
宮涅), who ascended the throne as Zhou King You (周幽王). In 777BC Zhou
King You married a beautiful concubine, Bao Si (褒姒). A year later she
had a son who was named Bo Fu (伯服).

In 774BC Ji You was appointed by Zhou King You as a Situ (司套b) or an official
of ritual ceremonies in the Zhou Court. Although he was a ruler of Zheng
he lived in the capital, Hoa (鎬 present day Xian 西安 city in Shaanxi province
陜西省) to help Zhou King You to govern the country.

In 773BC Bao Si manipulated the old King into having his official wife,
the daughter of the ruler of the State of Shen (申國 present day Nanyang
county 南陽縣 in Henan province 河南省), imprisoned in a house behind the
palace. Zhou King You also banished his eldest son, Ji Yijiu (姬宜臼), the
crown prince, to the State of Shen. Zhou King You made Bao Si his official
queen and Bo Fu the new crown prince.

The ruler of Shen was very angry at the way that Zhou King You was treating
his daughter and grandson. There was nothing the ruler of Shen could do
as he was not military strong enough to take on the Zhou Court. So in 771BC
the ruler of Shen formed an alliance with the Quanrong (犬戎), a nomadic
tribe from the northwest, and attacked the Zhou capital which was very quickly
overran by the Quanrong who razed it to the ground. Ji You, Zhou King Xuan,
Bao Si and Bo Fu were killed in the turmoil.

Seeing that the Quanrong had destroyed the capital the ruler of Shen wanted
to break off the alliance with the Quanrong. The ruler of Shen secretly
sent words to his grandson, Ji Yijiu, to organize an army from several vassal
States, including troops from the State of Zheng, to rescue the capital.
Ji Yijiu attacked the Quanrong from outside and the Shen army attacked from
within the capital. The Quanrong were driven out of the capital to the northwest
where they belonged.

Ji Yijiu was crowned Zhou King Ping (周平王). Ji Juetu (姬掘突), the eldest
son of Ji You, became the new ruler of the State of Zheng. Hao was uninhabitable
as it was totally destroyed by the Quanrong. Zhou King Ping shifted his
capital to Chengzhou (成周 present day Luoyang 洛陽 city in Henan province).
Ji Juetu helped Zhou King Ping to relocate the citizens to the new capital.

Ji Juetu followed Zhou King Ping to live in Chengzhou and the State of Zheng,
in the west of the county of Hua in Shaanxi province, was left without a
ruler. Ying Kai (嬴開), the 6th ruler of the State of Qin (秦國 present
day Fengxiang county 鳳翔縣 in Shaanxi province) took the opportunity and
absorbed the State of Zheng.

In appreciation, Zhou King Ping rewarded Ji Juetu the authority to rule
the State of Guo (虢國 in the northeast of present day Yingyang county 滎
陽縣 of Henan province). Zhou King Ping forced Ji Xu (姬序), the incumbent
ruler of the State of Guo, to give up his domain in favour of Ji Juetu.
Guo was renamed by Ji Juetu as the new State of Zheng (新鄭國) and established
his capital in Xinzheng (新鄭 present day Xinzheng city in Henan province).

All the rulers of the vassal states were unhappy to see Ji Xu being deprived
of his domain by force. Mie Yi (羋儀) the 14th ruler of the State of Chu
(楚國 present day Jiangling county 江陵縣 in Hubei province 湖北省) was
so angry with Zhou King Ping that he threatened to attack the new capital.
In order to pacify the anger of the vassal states, Zhou King Ping allocated
Ji Xu, the former ruler of Guo, the authority to rule a district called Yangqu
(陽曲 present day north of Taiyuan 太原 city in Shanxi province 山西省)
which was named the State of Beiguo (北虢國).

Ji Juetu started to complain that his State was too small. He became restless
and wanted to expand his territory. Ji Juetu began absorbing settlements,
that bordered his new domain without the permission of the central authority,
the Zhou Court. Zhou King Ping was angry at Ji Juetu’s actions, but he
did nothing because the State of Zheng had become a very powerful State.

Ji Juetu died in 744BC and was succeeded by his eldest son Ji Wusheng (姬
寤生) who gave his younger brother Ji Duanshu (姬段叔) the authority to
rule a city called Jingcheng (京城 present day about 30 kilometers southeast
of Yingyang county in Henan province), at the insistence of his mother.

Ji Duanshu was very ambitious and wanted to be the ruler of Zheng. In 722BC
Ji Duanshu attacked the capital, Xinzheng, but he was defeated. Ji Duanshu
fled north to the State of Gong (共國 present day Huixian 輝縣 in Henan
province). When Ji Duanshu heard that his brother Ji Wusheng, wanted to
attack Gong, he was so frightened that he committed suicide. The fighting
between the two brothers was finally over, but at a great cost. The civil
war drained the state of men and resources. Additionally, the eventual death
of Ji Wusheng in 701BC resulted in twenty one years of internal strife between
the four sons of Ji Wusheng, Ji Hu (姬忽), Ji Tu (姬突), Ji Ziwei (姬子亹
) and Ji Ziying (姬子嬰). The State of Zheng was extremely weak by then,
and was incapable to defend itself.

During the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋時代722BC to 481BC), and the Warring
States Period (戰國時間 453BC to 221BC) the central authority, the Zhou
Court, was weak. Previously, all the vassal States had to pay homage to
the Zhou Court at least once in every three years. As the Zhou Court grew
weaker and weaker the vassal States came to regard the Zhou Court as a spent
force, and eventually the Zhou Court lost its power to mediate in the numerous
disputes among the vassal States. Large and powerful States began to conquer
and annex the small and feeble ones because they knew that the central authority
could do nothing to stop them. Eventually, in 376BC, Zheng was conquered
by the State of Han (韓國 present day Linfen county 臨汾縣 in Shanxi province
山西省).

Since the inception of the State of Zheng in 806BC it had been ruled by
twenty three rulers; but now the last ruler was called Ji Yi (姬乙). In
remembrance of their beloved extinct State, Ji Yi and members of the Zheng
royal family changed their surname from Ji to ZHENG (鄭). [Please refer
to the chronology of the State of Zheng (鄭國 806BC to 375BC)].

Zheng Dangshi (鄭當時), the seventh generation descendant of Ji Lu (姬魯
), who was the son of Ji Yi (You Gong see 22), was an agricultural official
during the Han Dynasty (漢朝 296BC to 220AD). Zhen Ya (鄭雅), the sixth
generation offspring of Zheng Dangshi relocated himself to Yingyang Prefecture
just before the end of the Han Dynasty. It was recorded that surname Zheng
was originated from Ying Yang county.

The couplet for surname Zheng is:

北戰南征收寶島.—Bei3 zhan4 nan2 zheng shou bao3 dao3,
船來帆往下西洋.—Chuan2 lai2 fan wang3 xia4 xi yang2.

Fighting from the north to the south,
Eventually the treasure island of Taiwan was restored.
Busy sailing the wide sea, Zheng He set sail to the
West Sea (South and Southeast Asia) many times

The 1st line was by Zheng Chenggong (鄭成功)
The 2nd line by Zheng He (鄭和)
———————————————–

Prominent historical persons prduced by the Zheng clan

(1) Zheng Chenggong (鄭成功or Coxinga 1624AD to 1662AD)

海外有孤島, 厥名曰台灣,
成功手開闢, 約三百年間.

民多閩粵藉, 蓽路啟荒山,
眾族耕斯土, 其樂也閑閑.

Across the sea there is an island called Taiwan,
The Ming patriot Koxinga developed it about fourteen scores years ago.

The offspring of Guangdong and Fujian provinces are most of the islanders,
Clearing bush land and building roads they laboured.
Happily they live and cultivate this land.

A poem on Taiwan

Zheng Chenggong (鄭成功) was born in Hirato (平戶), an island in Kyushu,
(九州) Japan, in 1624AD, the 4th year reign of Emperor Xi Zong of Ming Dynasty
(明朝熹宗皇帝), the year of Jia Zi (甲子年) or the Year of the Rat. His
father, Zheng Zhilong (鄭芝龍 1600AD to 1661AD), was from Shi Jing village
(石井鄉) of Nan An county (南安縣) in the city of Quan Zhou (泉州) in Fujian
province (福建省). His mother was a Japanese woman by the name of Tamura
Matsu (田川氏).

Zheng Zhilong was a maritime merchant and a part-time pirate. In 1622AD,
with his boss Yan Siqi (顏思齊) Zheng Zhilong came to Beigang (北港) in
Taiwan. Zheng Zhilong often went to Hirato to trade. While in business in
Hirato he married a Japanese girl who became the mother of Zheng Chenggong.
Tamura Matsu, Zheng Chenggong’s mother, raised him on her own until he was
seven. In 1631, Zheng Zhilong took Zheng Chenggong and his younger brother
home in Nanan (南安) of Jinjiang county (晉江縣) in Fujian province. During
those time Japanese women were forbidden from leaving Japan. Zheng Zhilong
engaged a tutor to teach his elder son the classics and hoped that his son
might be able to pass the Imperial Examination. Ten years later Zheng Chenggong’
s mother was allowed to leave Japan and arrived at Nanan to live with her
sons.

Zheng Zhilong surrendered to Shen Youlong (沈猶龍), the governor of Fujian
province (福建省). In 1633 the Dutch invaded Shamen (廈門) harbour the new
governor of Fujian province, Zou Weilian (鄒維璉), ordered the Ming Naval
Force to encounter the Dutch. Zheng Zhilong was ordered to be the vanguard
of the naval force. The Dutch naval force was repulsed. The naval force
under the command of Zheng Zhilong destroyed five Dutch ships and captured
one. Zheng Zhilong was promoted to the rank of admiral (福建水師提督) by
the Fujian Governor, Zou Weilian .

In May 1644AD, Fu Wang (福王 or Prince Fu), Zhu Yousong (朱由崧), the first
cousin brother of Emperor Yi Zong, was installed as the new Emperor of the
Ming Dynasty in Nanjing (南京) in Jiangsu province (江蘇省). Zheng Chenggong
was 21-years-old and he went to Nanjing to study at a University. His father
and his uncle Zheng Hongkui (鄭鴻逵) were supporting Zhu Yousong. Zheng
Chenggong was told by his father and uncle to serve Zhu Yousong. Zheng Chenggong
was charmed by the charisma of Zhu Yousong and became a staunch supporter
of Zhu Yousong. Seeing him so loyal to him Zhu Yousong bestowed upon Zheng
Chenggong the title of the Loyal Viscount (忠孝伯).

In May 1645AD, one year after Fu Wang Zhu Yousong (福王朱由崧) was installed
the new Ming Emperor, the Qing Army captured Nanjing. In June, while fleeing
south the Ming Emperor Zhu Yousong was captured by the Qing troops at Wuhu
(蕪湖) in Anhui province (安徽省). He was sent to Beijing where he was executed
in a market place. In the same month, Huang Daozhou (黃道周), the Governor
of Fujian province and Zheng Zhilong (鄭芝龍), the military commander of
Fuzhou (福州), installed Zhu Yujian (朱聿鍵) as the new Ming Emperor in
Fuzhou in Fujian province. In August the Qing Government issued a decree
ordering all male persons in the whole country to wear pigtails symbolizing
sunmission to Manzhous (薙髮令).

Zheng Zhilong had no intention of becoming a loyal general to the extinct
Ming Dynasty. He was only using Zhu Yujian to raise his prestige. Zheng
Chenggong argued long and hard with his father not to surrender to the Manzhous
but of no avail. Zheng Zhilong told his son that the Ming Dynasty was a
spent force. Secretly he sent a messeger to the commander of the Qing troops
inviting him to come to Fuzhou. In August 1646AD the Qing Army entered Fujian
province without a fight. Tamura Matsu, Zheng Chenggong’s mother was raped
and killed by the Manzhou soldiers when they entered Nanan. Zheng Chenggong
was very sad and angry with the Manzhous. He hated his father for inviting
causing his mother’s death.

While trying to escape, Zhu Yujian, the newly installed Ming Emperor, was
captured by the Qing troops. He was brought back to Fuzhou and executed.
In November, Gui Wang (桂王 or Prince Gui), Zhu Youlang (朱由榔), the elder
cousin brother of Zhu Yousong, was installed as the third Emperor of the
Ming since the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, in Zhao Qing (肇慶 present
day Gao Yao county 高要縣) in Guangdong province (廣東省).

At the age of 23, Zheng Chenggong (鄭成功), went to a Confucius temple in
Fengchuan town (豐川鎮) of Quanzhou (泉¦
‘7b) in Fujian province. In the temple he burned his scholar attire and
swore,

“我現在是孤臣遺子﹐應該幹我的事了.
Now I am a subject without a Lord and I should go and do my own business.”

He raised an army to fight against the Qing Authorities. He captured Haicheng
(海澄), Quanz hou (泉州), Tongan (同安), Zhaoan (詔安), Huilai (惠來), Chaoyang
(潮陽),Shamen (廈門), Jinmen (金門), Zhangpu (漳浦) and Zhangzhou (漳州).

It was a shocked to the Qing Authorities and the whole country thought that
Zheng Chenggong was going to revive the Ming Dynasty. On hearing the good
news, Zhu Youlang, the newly installed Ming Emperor in Guangdong province,
awarded Zheng Chenggong the title of Zhang Guo Gong (漳國公) or the Duke
of the State of Zhang. Wanting to blackmail Zheng Chenggong the Qing Authorities
forced Zheng Zhilong to write to his son telling him to surrender otherwise
his father would be killed. Zheng Shizhong (鄭世忠), the youngest son of
Zheng Zhilong went to Haicheng to deliver the letter to his elder brother.
But Zheng Chenggong refused to surrender and he replied his father,

“豈有捨鳳凰而就虎豹者哉.
How can I depart from the phoenix and go to live with the tiger and the
leopard.”

Zheng Chenggong broke off his relationship with his father and supported
the newly installed Ming Emperor. Zheng Chenggong formed an alliance with
Zhang Huangyan (張煌言), who had been leading an army fighting the Manzhous
trying to reconquer the north.

In January 1647AD, the Qing Army attacked Zhu Youlang in Zhaoqing. Zhu Youlang
fled to Guilin ( 桂林) in Guangxi province (廣西省). Again in November the
Qing Army attacked Zhu Youlang and he fled to Wugang (武岡) in Hunan province
(湖南省).

In the same month, 1647AD, Zheng Chenggong established an Administration
in the present day of Shamen which he renamed Simingzhou (思明州) or the
State to Remember the Ming. In 1657AD, Zhu Youlang, the fugitive Ming Emperor,
bestowed upon him another title Yan Ping Wang (延平王) or the Prince of
Yanping.

In 1658AD, starting from Chongming island (崇明島), at the mouth of Changjiang
(長江 or the Yangtze River), Zheng Chenggong captured Guazhou (瓜州 in the
south of present day Jiangdu county 江都縣 in Jiangsu province 江蘇省) and
defeated the Qing’s reinforcement at Yangpeng Mountain (楊篷山). He attacked
and overran Zhenjiang (鎮江 in present day Zhejiang province 浙江省) and
occupied all the counties in the vicinity. The objective of Zheng Chenggong
was the city of Nanjing (南京 in present day Jiangsu province 江蘇省). Zhang
Huangyan leading his army started from Wuhu (蕪湖 in present day Anhui province
安徽省) and overran Ninghui (寧徽). They continued to march north and captured
four Prefectures (郡) and twenty four counties (縣).

The whole Qing Empire was shaken. Emperor Shun Zhi (順治皇帝), the first
Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was so frightened that he wanted to return
to his ancestors’ land in the Northeast. After a big scolding from his mother
the Emperor settled down quietly in Beijing. When he arrived near the city
of Nanjing, Zheng Chenggong did not attack Nanjing at once due to the shortage
of food for his troops. He waited for one month for the supplies to arrive.
By that time the Qing’s reinforcement had arrived from the north. In the
decisive battle that followed at the north gate of Nanjing city Zheng Chenggong
was defeated. He lost more than 500 battleships and thousands of men. Zheng
Chenggong retreated back to Shamen. Zhang Huangyan returned to his home
base. In 1660AD, the Qing Army attacked Shamen with a large force. Zheng
Chenggong repulsed the attack.

Having granted the rights to establish posts in Taiwan, the Dutch East India
Company Head Office in Batavia (present day Jakarta in Indonesia) appointed
a Governor to administer their new colony. The first Dutch Govenor in Taiwan
was Maarten Snock (1624AD to 1625AD)*. The Dutch discovered that Taiwan
was a fertile land that grew many products. Throughout their rule of Taiwan
for 38 years the Dutch population had never been more than two thousand
including the soldiers. The Dutch employed the Chinese immigrants in helping
them to build Fort Zeelandia (庶蘭奢城 present day ‘Old Fort” in Anping 安
平古堡). It took them eight years to complete. Canons were set up to defend
the fort from the attacks by the Portuguese, Spanish, English as well as
the local residents.

The Dutch in Taiwan made great profits out of trading with Batavia, China,
Japan and their motherland, Holland. The Dutch imported spices, tin, cotton,
opium etc from Batavia; silver from Japan; silk, fine china, gold, herbal
medicines from China. They exported sugar and deer skins to China and Japan.
Silk, fine chinas and gold were exported from Taiwan to their motherland.

The Dutch ruled Taiwan as a colonial enterprise. They regarded the whole
of Taiwan belonged to the Dutch monarch. The Dutch leased farm land to the
Chinese and introduced oxen to till the rice fields to replace human labour,
but the Chinese farmers had to pay rent because the Dutch considered the
farm land as “King’s Field”. Therefore the farmers had to pay tax.

Sugar was produced in southern Taiwan and exported before the Dutch took
over Taiwan. The Dutch East India Company wanted to establish sugar cane
plantations as the climate in the south of the island was suitable for growing
them. They were promoting sugar as the major export industry and made more
profit. In order to increase the production of sugar and developed Taiwan
a large labour force was required. So the Dutch imported a great number
of Chinese from China. The Dutch enslaved them and taxed them heavily. Those
newly arrived Chinese immigrants who were not sponsored by the Dutch had
to pay head taxes.

The Chinese regarded Taiwan as their own territory. The Dutch not only imposed
heavy taxes on local Chinese farmers but also placed limitations of trade
on the Chinese merchants. The Chinese were angry and hated the Dutch. Eventually,
in 1652, the Chinese rebelled against the Dutch Colonial Authorities. The
rebellion was headed by a farmer named Guo Huaiyi (郭懷一). On September,
7 1652 he assembled his men and planned to start the uprising on the night
of the Chinese Moon Festival (中秋節). Somehow the secret was leaked to
the Dutch. Knowing that the date of the uprising had been leaked, immediatey
Guo Huaiyi led his men of 16,000 strong to attack the Dutch Administration
Centers. Guo Huaiyi’s men used hoes, bamboo spears and clubs against the
Dutch soldiers using modern weapons. It was no match. The rebellion was
crushed with great force with the help of 2,000 aborigines who were treated
far better than the Chinese. 4,000 of Guo Huaiyi’s men were killed in the
uprising and more than a thousand Chinese immigrants were later executed.

After the Chinese unsuccessful rebellion, the Dutch built Fort Provintia
(赤嵌城) in the present day city of Tainan. The Dutch employed the aborigines
to build the fort as the Chinese refused to help. The non-cooperation of
the Chinese, later, led to the downfall of the Dutch in Taiwan

In January 1661AD, Emperor Shun Zhi (順治皇帝), the first Emperor of the
Qing Dynasty, died and was succeeded by his eldest son who was crowned Emperor
Kang Xi (康熙皇帝 1662AD to 1722AD).

While he and his forces were languishing in Shamen (廈門) in Fujian province
Zheng Chenggong suddenly thought of the island of Taiwan which lay across
the Taiwan Strait. But he did not know much about Taiwan although his family
had traded with the Dutch in Taiwan.

An opportunity arrived when a man named He Bin (何斌) who had worked as
an interpreter for the Dutch East India Company in Taiwan, was taking shelter
in Shamen. He fled to Shamen to avoid debt collectors. He had lived through
the 1652AD uprising led by Guo Huaiyi. He Bin presented a sea chart to Zheng
Chenggong, asking him to take Taiwan. He was not only telling Zheng Chenggong
about the resentment of the Chinese towards the Dutch and the military situation
of the Dutch in Tainan but also information about the geographical topography.
Zheng Chenggong also accepted the advice by his military adviser Chen Yonghua
(陳永華) who suggested that Zheng Chenggong should mobilize his army to
capture Taiwan.

In April, 1661, appointing He Bin as guide and with an armada of more than
900 ships and an amphibious force of 25,000 strong Zheng Chenggong sailed
from the bay of Liaoluo in Jinmen (金門島料羅灣) for the island of Taiwan.
They crossed the Taiwan Strait via Penghu Islands and on April 30, 1661,
arrived at Luermen (鹿耳門 the Gate of the Deer’s Ears, present day Tainan
台南). Legend has it that by that time Zheng Chenggong’s army had run out
of food. The sandbanks were making it difficult for the soldiers to come
ashore. Standing on the bow of his ship Zheng Chenggong burned incense to
Matzu, the Goddess of Navigation 媽祖航海女神]. Not long after the tide
swelled and Zheng Chenggong’s amphibious force landed ashore smoothly. Later,
Zheng Chenggong built a temple dedicated to Mazu, the Goddess of Navigation.

After Zheng Chenggong’s troops had landed they attacked Fort Zeelandia where
the Dutch were defending. The next day the Dutch Military commander was
killed in battle. On the 4th day, the Dutch sued for peace and were willing
to surrender. However, the next day the Dutch changed their mind and said
that they were willing to give Zheng Chenggong all the silver they had but
they did not want to leave Taiwan. Zheng Chenggong sent a messenger called
Li Chong (李沖) to tell the Dutch:

“台灣者, 中國土地也” “地當歸我”
“Taiwan is Chinese land and it should return to the Chinese”

But the Dutch would not budge. Actually, the Dutch were marking time and
waiting for the reinforcement from Batavia (present day Jakarta, Indonesia)
to arrival. So fighting started again. Eventually, the Dutch reinforcement
arrived. Severe battles followed. Zheng Chenggong laid siege to Fort Zeelandia
and gave the Dutch 8 conditions why they should give up fighting.

Meanwhile, in October 1661AD, Zheng Zhilong, the father of Zheng Chenggong,
in captivity was sent to Beijing where he was executed. Zhu Youlong, the
Ming Emperor was hiding in Burma. In December, Wu Sangui (吳三桂), the Ming
quisling General, led the Qing troops into Burma with the intention of capturing
the Ming Emperor. The Burmese had no means to stop the incursion by the
Qing troops. Without alternative the Burmese Authorities captured the Ming
Emperor and presented him to Wu Sangui who then left Burma. Wu Sangui personally
presented the Ming Emperor as a gift to Emperor Kang Xi’s coronation. A
happy Wu Sangui was greatly rewarded. That was the end of the Ming Dynasty
after 294 years in existence.

After the Guo Huaiyi’s uprising was crushed in 1652AD the Chinese hated
the Dutch and they welcomed Zheng Chenggong’s army who had occupied Fort
Providentia (赤嵌樓 Chiqianlou) and lay a siege to Fort Zeelandia (安平城
Anpingcheng). The siege lasted 9 months. During this period more than 1,600
Dutch were killed or wounded. The Dutch were without food and water. In
the end the Dutch had no choice but to accept the 8 conditions demanded
by Zheng Chenggong. The Dutch surrendered.

On February 1, 1662AD, the Dutch signed the surrendered document ending
their 38 years rule in Taiwan. After signing the surrendered document, Frederik
Coyett, the last Dutch Governor in Taiwan, led all the Dutch personnels
and sailed back to Batavia from where they came. Following the victory over
the Dutch, Zheng Chenggong (鄭成功), at Fort Providentia (赤嵌城), proclaimed
that Taiwan was a territory of the Ming Dynasty. It was the first time that
Taiwan was ruled by Han Chinese (漢族). He established a Kingdom called “The
Yan Ping Kingdom (延平郡王府)”, after his title that Gui Wang Zhu Youlang
(桂王朱由榔), the last Ming Emperor bestowed upon him. He renamed Taiwan
“Dongdu 東都 or Eastern Capital” and the area around Fort Zeelandia to “Anping
安平 or Tranquilly Peaceful”. The capital Fort Providentia was renamed “Cheng
Tian Fu” (承天府 present day the city of Tainan).

Zheng Chenggong made Taiwan his base to restore the Ming Dynasty and anti-Qing
(反清復明). The administration system of his government was to follow that
of the Ming Dynasty. He established Ming judiciary systems and built schools.
His urged his subjects to follow the Ming customs. He divided the island
of Taiwan into two Prefectures, one in the north and in the south and established
a garrison command on Penghu Islands. He encouraged Chinese from the Mainland
to come and settle in Taiwan. He told the Chinese in the coastal regions
that Taiwan was a fertile place and land was plentiful. The estimated Han
Chinese population was about 100,000 not including the aborigines. The population
was increased by Zheng Chenggong’s 30,000 army and their dependents.

According to some records , Zheng Chenggong sent agents to Zhangzhou (漳
州) and Quanzhou (泉州) in Fujian province as well as Huizhou (惠州) and
Chaozhou (潮州) in Guangdong province to recruit new settlers. During the
period of the Zheng family regime from 1662AD to 1683AD there were about
100,000 people had moved to settle in Taiwan. Due to the influx of so many
new settlers to Taiwan from China that there was an urgent need for food
supplies. He confiscated all the lands owned by the Dutch East India Company
and making them into Government lands. Officials were allocated with Government
lands. Soldiers were allowed to claim lands, that were not belonging to the
aborigines, to produce food. As a result of this agricultural expansion
the production of food was greatly increased.

People living in the coastal regions in mainland China were greatly influenced
by the agricultural policy in Taiwan. In order to stop the Chinese from
migrating to Taiwan the Qing Government evacuated the coastal regions opposite
Taiwan. It was a counter-reaction. People had been living in these regions
for generations and they were not willing to move inland. Thus the Qing
Government was indirectly forcing more people to flee to Taiwan.

Zheng Chenggong composed a poem called
“The Restoration of Taiwan 復台”
—————————————————————————–
———

開闢荊榛逐荷夷,—Kai pi jing zhen zhu He Yi,
十年始克復先基.—Shi nian shi ke fu xian ji.
田橫尚有三千客,—Tian heng shang you san qian ke,
茹苦間關不忍離.—Ru ku jian guan bu ren li

The English translation

Having defeated the Dutch we cleared the brambles and developed the land,
It required a decade of hard work to build up the foundation.
Despite the hardship, we, the force of three thousand Ming royalists,
Determined to stay and develope this land.
—————————————————————————–
————

Meanwhile in mainland China, in the same year the Qing Authorities executed
Gui Wang Zhu Youlang (桂王朱由榔), the last Emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
The last link to the Royal family of the Ming Dynasty had been exterminted.

There was a folk song about the fall of the Ming Dynasty
—————————————————————————

朱家麵, 李家磨,—-Zhu jia mian, Li jia mo,
做成一個大饃饃,–Zuo cheng yi ge mo mo,
送給對巷趙大哥.–Song gei dui xiang Zhao da ge.

Zhu[1] family’s flour, Li[2] family kneads it into a dough,
And make it into a big steamed bun,
To give it to the Elder brother Zhao[3] who lives opposite.

[1] Zhu meant the Ming Royal family.
[2] Li meant Li Zicheng who ransacked Beijing
[3] Zhao meant the Manzhou.
———————————————————————

On June 16, 1662, Zheng Chenggong got a cold and he was ill. Yet every day
he continued to climb up the tower and looked into the distance of Penghu
Islands and his motherland. On the 23rd of June he returned home after having
a look at the distance in the sea he went to his study. Looking at the portray
of Emperor Tai Zu Zhu Yuanzhang (太祖皇帝朱元璋) he sighed,

“吾何面目見先帝于地下!
I have no face to see the anecestor!”.

He put his two hands on his face. He collapsed and died, aged 38 years.
He did not realize his dream of restoring the Ming Dynasty.

Although Zheng Chenggong had lived in Taiwan for just a few months, from
April to June in 1662AD, before he died yet he was regarded by the people
of Taiwan as as a hero. After his death many temples were built dedicated
to him all over Taiwan for his heroic tasks of expelling the Dutch from
Taiwan. If it were not of him Taiwan would have become a part of Indonesia.
The Dutch had ruled Taiwan for 38 years and they wanted to incorporate Taiwan
into their East Indies Empire (present day Indonesia). But they failed because
the period they ruled Taiwan was too short. They had ruled Indonesia for
more than 350 years before they were being expelled by the Japanese in 1942AD.

The other name of Zheng Chenggong (鄭成功 1624-1662) was Koxinga (國姓爺
Guo Xingye in Hanyu Pinyin), meaning “The lord of the imperial surname”),
which was romanized by the Dutch.

This is a brief account of how he obtained this name, Koxinga. In 1644AD,
the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty (明朝 1368AD to 1644AD), Emperor Yi
Zong Zhu Youjian (毅宗皇帝朱由檢 1628AD to 1644AD), committed suicide. It
was the end of the Ming Dynasty. The Manzhou (滿洲), from the Northeast
established the Qing Dynasty (清朝 1644AD to 1911AD). However, in the coastal
areas of the southeast, there were four Ming Princes who continued to resist
the fledgling Qing Dynasty prolonging the Ming Dynasty. They were Prince
Fu Zhu Yousong (福王朱由崧) in Jiangsu province, Prince Tang Zhu Yujian (唐
王朱聿鍵) in Fujian province, Prince Lu Zhu Yihai (魯王 朱以海) in Zhejiang
province and Prince Gui Zhu Youlang (桂王朱由榔) in Guangdong province.

On hearing that Emperor Yi Zong had died, Prince Fu, the first cousin brother
of Emperor Yi Zong, was installed by Ma Shiying (馬士英), the governor of
Fengyang (鳳陽) and Shi Kefa (史可法) in Nanjing (南京) in Jiangsu province
(江蘇省). In May 1645AD the Qing army occupied Nanjing. In June, Prince
Fu, while fleeing south, was captured by the Qing soldiers at Wuhu (蕪湖
) in Anhui province (安徽省). Prince Fu was sent to Beijing (北京) where
he was executed.

In the same month, Huang Daozhu (黃道周), the Governor of Fujian province
(福建省) and Zheng Zhilong (鄭芝龍 the father of Zheng Chenggong), the Admiral
of Fujian installed Prince Tang Zhu Yujian (唐王朱聿鍵) as the new Ming
Emperor in Fuzhou in Fujian province. Since Prince Tang had no sons Zheng
Zhilong arranged his eldest son, Zheng Chenggong, to serve the newly installed
Ming Emperor. The Emperor bestowed upon Zheng Chenggong the surname Zhu
(朱) which was the surname of all the Emperors of the Ming Dynasty, with
the title of Guoxingye (國姓爺) meaning ” The lord of the royal surname”.
People began to call Zheng Chenggong by his title Guoxingye. Later, the Dutch
romanized it as Koxinga.

Folk legend tells that when Koxinga leading his amphibious army arrived
at Luermen (鹿耳門 present day Tainan 台南) his forces had run out of food
and the sandbanks were making it difficult to go ashore. Koxinga stood on
the bow of his ship and burned incense to Matzu, the Goddess of Navigation
(媽祖航海女神). After some time, the tide swelled and Koxinga’s army were
able to land ashore smoothly. To show that he was grateful to the Goddess
of Navigation for answering his prayer Koxinga built a temple dedicated
to her on the place where he and his troops had landed.

After his death on June 23, 1662 Koxinga was sanctified by people as “Kaitai
Shengwang 開台聖王” or “The sage king who opened up Taiwan”. There is a
kind of fish called Guoxingyu 國姓魚 Koxing fish, and a kind of snail called
Guoxingluo 國姓螺 Koxing snails. Legend has it that Koxinga loved to eat
this kind of fish and snails in Taiwan. People called them Koxing-fish and
Koxing-snails. There is a village called Guoxing-xiang 國姓鄉 Koxing-village
in Nantou (南投). It is believed that this village, where he and his troops
rested after a long march, was named after Konxinga. There is a well called
Jianjing 劍井 or Sword Well in a town called Dajia (大甲) in Taizhong (台
中). Legend has it that Koxinga and his army had run out of water when they
arrived at Dajia. They were very thirsty and there were no wells to be found
in the vicinity. In desperation, Koxinga used his sword and dug a well to
obtain water. There is a place called Caoxiedun (草鞋墩) or Straw Shoe Mound,
in the town of Caotun (草屯鎮) in Taizhong county (台中縣). It is believed
that Koxinga’s army rested there after a long march. It was raining and
the soldiers’ straw shoes were full of mud. They took off their straw shoes
and shook off the mud. The mud piled up and it became a mound. People called
it “Straw Shoes Mound). In Keelung there is a Xiandong 仙洞 or Fairy Cave.
People believe that rice flowed out of the cave to feed Koxinga’s army.
Since they could obtain rice withou having to plant them Zheng Chenggong’s
soldiers became lazy. They dug deeper into the cave, and the rice was depleted
and stopped flowing out.
————————————

(2) 鄭和 (Zheng He 1371AD to 1433AD)

Zheng He was born in a Muslim family in Kun Yang county (昆陽縣) of Yunnan
province (雲南省). His father and grandfather had gone on pilgrimages to
Mecca. Zheng He was greatly influenced by the stories his father told him
about his sailing to Mecca for his pilgrimage and he always wanted to be
like his father and grandfather and travel to Mecca by sea.

Years before in 1368AD, Zhu Yuanzhang (朱元璋 1328AD to 1398AD) founded
the Ming Dynasty (1368AD to 1644AD). In the intercalary second moon of 1382AD
Zhu Yuan Chang dispatched a large army under the command of General Mu Ying
(沐英) and Lan Yu (藍玉) to pacify the present day province of Yunnan. Zheng
He’s father died of disease during the turmoil and Zheng He was captured
by the Ming troops. Zheng He was only 12 years old. He was assigned to be
the young butler of Zhu Di (朱棣), the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang.

In 1403AD, Zhu Di became the third Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Di was
crowned Cheng Zu (成祖 1403AD to 1424AD). In the sixth moon of 1405AD, Emperor
Cheng Zu sent Zheng He to Nanyang (南洋 or the South Sea). A large fleet
of sixty two large ships and more than one hundred medium-sized ones, altogether
more than two hundred ships, with over twenty seven thousand
sailors, navigators, and tradesmen, were under the command Zheng He. They
sailed to Charapa (古城 present day Vietnam), Java (爪哇), Polembang (舊
港), and Sumatra (present day Indonesia) and Ceylon (present day Sri Lanka).

Zheng He returned to Beijing in the ninth moon of 1407AD. He had a second
trip in 1408AD, the third trip in 1412AD, the fourth trip in 1416AD, the
fifth trip in 1421AD, the sixth trip in 1424AD and the last trip in 1430AD.
——————————————————–

(3) 鄭樵 (Zheng Qiao 1103AD to 1162AD)

Zheng Qiao was born in the present day county of Putian (莆田縣) in Fujian
province (福建省) during the period of Song Dynasty (宋朝 960AD to 1279AD).
He was an author who had written more than 200 books. His books were about
the ancient classics, herbal medicine, music, towns and cities of his time,
genealogy and many others subjects.

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Chang Ah Gett Family

I was searching on Google Books and found this excerpt from the book

Chinese Historic Sites and Pioneer Families of Rural Oahu by Tin Yuke Char 1988

There are references to the Chang Ah Gett family.  Need to get a copy of this book and article.

Tin Yuke Char also got a book ‘Chinese historic sites and pioneer families of Kauai.  THere are Ching’s and Chang’s here.  

Aunty May Blossom Chang Wilkinson mentions that Chang Ah Gett had a sister and he came from Kauai.   Need to discover and research more of this.  Ching’s, is the last name of E.K. Wung’s wife Alicia (Ching) Mother of Jean Wung Chang.  The Ching’s came from Kauai.

Chinese historic sites and pioneer families of rural Oahu

Front Cover
Hawaii Chinese History Center, 1988 – History – 276 pages

From inside the book

3 pages matching chang gett in this book

Page 161

Page 161

Page 162

Page 162

Page 270

Page 270

Where’s the rest of this book?

 

 

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